Is rental income considered earned income and can it affect my ability to file for Social Security Disability?

Likely no. In mostly all cases, rental income is considered unearned income and wont impact your ability to file for Social Security Disability. However, there are 3 circumstances in which rental income can be considered as earned (https://www.ssa.gov/OP_Home/handbook/handbook.12/handbook-1213.html).

a)your rental income is received in the course of your trade as a real estate dealer

b) you perform services for your tenant beyond normal care & maintenance of the property (such as: room service, making beds, proving laundry services, preparing and serving meals, etc.), or

c) you are materially participating in a farming operation.